orthorhombic Oxides
Alexandrite
BeAl2O4:Cr
Crystal Structure
#! Species: Alexandrite (Chrysoberyl)
#! System: Orthorhombic (mmm)
#! Habit: Prismatic with colour-change phenomenon
orthorhombic[mmm]:{110}@1.0 + {010}@0.6 + {111}@0.4 | phenomenon[colour_change]
orthorhombic
mmm
{110} {010} {111}
Quick Facts
Hardness
8.5
Specific Gravity
3.71
Refractive Index
1.746
Optical Character
Biaxial +
Physical Properties
Crystal Systemorthorhombic
Hardness (Mohs)8.5
Specific Gravity3.71
CleavageGood in one direction
FractureConchoidal to uneven
LustreVitreous
Optical Properties
Refractive Index1.746
Birefringence0.008-0.010
Optical CharacterBiaxial +
Dispersion0.015
Pleochroismstrong: Green / Orange-yellow / Red-purple (Three distinct pleochroic colours visible through dichroscope; separate from colour-change)
FluorescenceWeak red (LWUV)
Colours
Green to blue-green (daylight)Red to purple-red (incandescent)Yellow-green
Localities
Russia (Urals)BrazilSri LankaTanzaniaIndia
Common Inclusions
Silk (needle inclusions)FingerprintsCyclic twin planesCrystal inclusionsNegative crystals
Crystal Forms
prismpinacoid
Diagnostic Features
Colour change (daylight green to incandescent red); strong pleochroism (three colours)
Synthetics & Simulants
Known synthetic and simulant versions of Alexandrite
Flux-Grown Alexandrite (Crystal) synthetic
Flux (molybdate Or Vanadium-based Flux Solvent In Platinum Crucible; Slow-cooling Crystallisation)
Hydrothermal Alexandrite (Crystal) synthetic
Hydrothermal (autoclave; Aqueous Mineraliser Solution; Seed Plate Of Natural Or Synthetic Chrysoberyl; Growth Over Weeks At High T/P)
Synthetic Alexandrite (Czochralski Boule) synthetic
Czochralski
Related Minerals
Other minerals in the orthorhombic system
